School Administration and Gender in Eretz-Israel in the Late Ottoman Period, 1889-1914
Keywords:
School administration, Gender, Girls’ education, Hebrew education, Ottoman PalestineAbstract
The feminization of school administration has generated keen interest in education management research since the 1970s. The study of women in administrative positions, which started in the USA and continued to Western Europe, has produced an extensive literature that focuses on women in management in general and schools in particular.
Sadly, other than two of my papers on the subject in the Yishuv (the Jewish community in prestate Israel) not a single historical study has been forthcoming on the management style of women principals in the period when Hebrew education was being established in Eretz Israel.
The article focuses on four pioneering female heads of girls’ schools in the urban sector during the waning years of Ottoman rule ‒ 1889-1914: their backgrounds and personalities; their criteria in being chosen to run schools; their ability to secure their status as educational leaders in a world still largely dominated by males; their defining attitude as principals of girls’ schools; and their success in turning their schools into influential educational institutions that paved the way for girls’ education in the burgeoning Jewish society in prestate Israel.
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