The Attitude of the Kibbutzim towards The Institutions of Higher Education: From Rejection and Disagreement to Integration
Keywords:
Kibbutz, Kibbutz Movement, Higher Education, Academic Studies, Kibbutz LeaversAbstract
Over the century of the Kibbutzim’s existence, their approach to higher education has changed significantly: from total rejection in the spirit of ‘no pens, paper, and ink’ to gradual integration in specific fields targeted to improve the Kibbutzim’s economic status, to full integration. Over the years several models of the Kibbutzim’s approach to academic studies have developed, each of which were dominant for a different time period: the exclusionist model, the instrumental model, the ideological-exclusive model. The study shows a relationship between the tempering of the ideology rejecting academic studies or treating them solely in an instrumental manner, to an almost complete cessation of accepting new members, together with the disappearance of groups identifying and supporting the Kibbutzim in Europe and a rise of skepticism by the Israeli population towards joining the Kibbutzim. This was accompanied by large waves of departure of the Kibbutzim during the ‘50s and ‘60s, when many of those leaving the Kibbutzim did so in order to study at higher education institutes, contradicting the Kibbutzim’s stance on the matter.
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